![]() Genetic factors play an important role ADHD tends to run in families and has a heritability rate of 74%. Later in life, there is no biologically distinct adult onset ADHD except when ADHD occurs after traumatic brain injury. In some cases a single event might cause ADHD such as traumatic brain injury, exposure to biohazards during pregnancy, a major genetic mutation or extreme environmental deprivation early in life. The environmental risks for ADHD most often exert their influence in the early prenatal period. For most people with ADHD, many genetic and environmental risk factors accumulate to cause the disorder. ![]() The precise causes of ADHD are unknown in the majority of cases. Although people with ADHD struggle to sustain attention on tasks that entail delayed rewards or consequences, they are often able to maintain an unusually prolonged and intense level of attention for tasks they do find interesting or rewarding this is known as hyperfocus. ADHD is associated with other neurodevelopmental and mental disorders as well as some non-psychiatric disorders, which can cause additional impairment, especially in modern society. In children, problems paying attention may result in poor school performance. ĪDHD symptoms arise from executive dysfunction, and emotional dysregulation is often considered a core symptom. ![]() alpha-2a agonists ( guanfacine XR, clonidine XR)Ġ.8–1.5% (2019, using DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10) Īttention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by executive dysfunction occasioning symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and emotional dysregulation that are excessive and pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and otherwise age-inappropriate.non-stimulants ( atomoxetine, viloxazine).CNS stimulants ( methylphenidate, amphetamine).Sometimes, ADHD-like traits are caused by another condition, like bipolar disorder or a sleep disorder. Before accurately diagnosing ADHD, the doctor or clinician needs to rule out all other possible causes that could account for the ADHD-like traits. After 17 years of age, if you have five of the symptoms listed, a diagnosis can be made. Nine are related to inattention, and nine are linked to hyperactivity. There are five or more traits present.The traits affect performance. Your traits reduce the quality of your social, academic, and/or job performance.You currently experience significant problems with inattentive and/or hyperactivity-impulsive traits in two or more important settings, for example, at home and school, or home and work. The traits are present in more than one setting.You may not have been diagnosed as a child, but there must be evidence that you had problems with attention and self-control before you were 12 years old. The traits of ADHD have been present since childhood.Because of this, they often have low self-esteem after years of not meeting their own and other people's expectations, despite a desire to meet them. Low self-esteem: They worry about things they might have forgotten to do or done poorly because of inattention or impulsivity.They may also consume a lot of caffeine as a way to motivate themselves when their brain does not want to do a task. ![]() Sleep problems: Getting to sleep, staying asleep, and waking up on time can all be difficult.Financial problems: Even if they earn an above-average wage, impulsive spending and forgetting to pay bills can cause problems.Forgetfulness: People with ADHD may forget things ranging from important people's birthdays, taking out the trash, or handing in homework (even when it has been completed).However, hyper-focus can also be useful when channeled into the task at hand. Hyper-focus: While they have a low tolerance for boredom, they may hyper-focus on tasks that interest them, to the detriment of essential activities like sleep and social interaction.Different progress speeds: Tasks, homework, a project at work, or a household chore seem to take people with ADHD longer than other people unless hyper-focus is engaged.
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